The rise in sea levels due to climate change increases the risk of flooding in coastal areas and small islands by causing sea water inundation and increasing extreme rainfall. This threatens infrastructure and human settlements. There is a need for mitigation, adaptation, and wise spatial planning to protect communities and the environment from the adverse impacts of floods.

High-level water monitoring technologies such as manual gauges and tide gauge stations have limitations in accuracy, range, and real-time capability, thus requiring the development of more advanced technology to monitor water levels in real-time and accurately.